Spiramycin

Spiramycin, a macrolide

The spyramicin belongs to the group of macrolide and acted as antibacterial antibiotic. The main macrolides are erythromycin, spyramicin, midécamycine, josamycin, roxithromycin, dirithromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin. Macrolides inhibit the protein synthesis by settling on the ribosomale sub-unity 50 S. They penetrate into bacteria under the non-ionized shape which is predominant at alkaline pH. The Gram-positive bacteria accumulate about 100 times more macrolides than Gram-negative bacteria, which explains their action on the predominantly Gram-positive germs. Macrolides have a bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity depending on the concentration and sensitivity of germs. They are effective on aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, gram-negative cocci, like meningitis and gonorrhea, gram negative baciles as Helicobacter pillory, and germs as legionelia pneumophilia, mycoplasma, clamydia.

Pharmacokinetics spiramycin

In France, currently, a quarter of pneumococci are resistant to macrolides. This resistance to macrolides, and thus spyramicin, is a consequence of the decrease of their cellular penetration, their hydrolise by esterases and ribosomales changes. The spyramicin is used in the treatment of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, caused by toxoplasma gondii, intracellular parasite protozoan. The spyramicin does not entail pharmacocinétique interaction, and recently marketed macrolides, according to studies carried out on cytochrones, P-450, resulting too in few interactions. The benefits can be expected from new macrolide as spyramicin, compared with erythromycin, are pharmacokinetic. Decrease in number of drug taken, no inhibition of catabolism of other drugs, bioavailability independent of concomitantly food taken, large tissue distribution like spyramicin. In addition, the widening of spyramicin spectrum antibiotic towards for example Haemophilus influenza, is desirable.

Nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole

Metronidazole is an antibiotic and an antiparasitic of Nitroimidazoles class. The metronidazole is active against anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, against parasites as Trichomonas vaginalis, Giarda intestinalis, which possess an enzymatic equipment capable of transforming the metronidazole into toxic reduced by-products which alter the DNA stalks whose dissociate. The nitrated group accepts electrons of flavoprotein and ferredoxin in these microorganisms. Metronidazole, with the specter previously described, is a derivative of nitro-5-imidazole. Experimentally, metronidazole potentiates the effect of X-ray. Metronidazole can give an effect of disulframe type, or " antabus ", which causes, in patients treated, after taking alcohol, symptoms such as flushing or headache. With extended treatment, it can give neutropenia or peripheral neuropathy.

Spiramycin-Metronidazole Association

The spyramicin Metronidazole association is an antibiotic consisted of a molecule of the macrolides class and one of the imidazoles class used to treat parasitic infections type or related to anaerobic bacteria, or even the protozoan. The spyramicin Metronidazole can be packed in soluble tablets and pills unmanageable, respectively dosed at 1.5 MIU / 3 MIU. The soluble form of spyramicin-Metronidazole benefits for its method of administration of the CelDis ® technology, a technology for the administration of medication owned by CLL Pharma, improving the solubility of active substances naturally poorly soluble in water.